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9
Science
Quarter 3 - Module 1:
Week 1(Types of Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruption)
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Lesson 1:
Types of Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruption
What I Need to Know........................................................................................................................ 1
What’s In..........................................................................................................................2
What’s New ..................................................................................................................3
What Is It .........................................................................................................................5
What’s More ...................................................................................................................7
What I Have Learned .....................................................................................................8
What I Can Do ................................................................................................................10
Summary....................................................................................................................................... 11
Assessment: (Post-Test) ............................................................................................................. 12
Key to Answers ..................................................................................................................................... 13
References ............................................................................................................................................. 15
What This Module is About
In Grade 8, you have learned about the relationship between the occurrence of earthquakes
and the location of the Philippines along the Ring of Fire. Due to its location, the Philippines has many
volcanoes.
This module will guide you through the study of volcanism in the Philippines. Enjoy learning the
lesson on Types of Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions.
i
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.
ii
What I Know (Pretest)
I. Multiple Choice: Read the statements carefully. Choose the BEST answer. Write the letter
of the correct answer on a sheet of paper.
______1. What is a volcano?
A. The movement of the plate boundaries on the Earth’s crust.
B. A mountain created by the faulting and folding of the Earth’s crust.
C. An opening in the Earth’s crust through which lava, ash, and gases escape
onto the surface.
D. A landform which has a summit but without a crater.
______3. The following are factors affecting the viscosity of the magma, EXCEPT:
A. Amount of dissolved gases contained in magma
B. Chemical composition of magma
C. Size of the volcano’s crater
D. Temperature of magma
______4. Identify factor that affects the viscosity of the magma as shown in the figure.
A. high silica content
B. low gas content
C. low temperature of magma
D. high temperature of magma
______5. Which type of volcanoes have broad bases and steep sides, usually have
a large crater at the top and are formed by alternating layers of magma and ash?
A. cinder cones C. composite volcanoes
B. shield volcanoes D. calderas
______6. Taal Volcano in Batangas is an example of ______.
A. cinder cone B. composite volcano C. shield volcano D. lava spire
______10. Mount Pinatubo erupted last April 2, 1991. What kind of volcanic eruption was it?
A. plinian B. phreatic C. strombolian D. vulcanian
iii
Types of Volcanoes and Volcanic
Lesson Eruption
1
Volcanoes come in a variety of cone shapes and eruption types. There are three
common volcanic cone shapes namely: shield, composite and cinder cones. On the other
hand, there are five types of volcanic eruptions with different features: phreatic,
phreatomagmatic, strombolian, vulcanian and plinian.
1
What’s In?
Activity 1. Volcano Crossword (20 minutes)
A A
2 3
4 5
E
7 8
10 11 12
13
A
E
14
E
E
Across
2 the lowest supporting layer of a volcano
6 opening in the earth’s crust from which lava, ash, and hot gases are ejected
during an eruption
7 passage way for magma flowing up during a volcanic eruption
11 rock fragments and gases erupted by a volcano
13 a large volcanic crater, especially one formed by a major eruption
14 released by an erupting volcano in a form of water vapor
Down
1 a term after a hot material erupts from a volcano and reaches the earth’s surface.
3 the sides or flanks of a volcano that radiate from the main or central vent
4 hill-shaped landform that forms around a volcano
5 highest point of a volcano
8 particles and fragments ejected by a volcanic eruption
9 molten materials beneath the earth’s crust
10 liquefied by heat
12 it is where magma is collected when the volcano is not yet going to erupt
13 mouth or opening of a volcano
Congratulations! You made it! The terms in the puzzle are very important because you will
encounter them in the next activities and discussions.
2
What’s New
Volcanoes are fascinating but even with their majestic natural beauty, they can cause
destruction to properties and harmful effects to our environment like the ones that happened
in the Philippines many years ago. We also have learned about the relationship between the
occurrence of earthquakes (that may happen after a volcanic eruption) and the location of the
Philippines along the Ring of Fire, which made our country a home to many volcanoes.
Let us start this module by gathering your insights about volcanoes. To find out, let’s
do the following activity.
Objective:
Define a volcano and a volcanic eruption.
Direction: Read the information about volcanoes. Use the word bank to fill in the paragraphs
below.
Questions:
1. What is a volcano? _______________________________________________
2. What is a volcanic eruption? ________________________________________
3. What materials oozes out when a volcano erupts? _____, _____, _____, _____
The next activity will let you discover about the behavior of the magma as it forces its way up
onto the Earth’s surface.
3
Activity 3. They Affect Me A Lot!!!! (10 minutes)
Objective:
Identify the factors that affect the viscosity of magma.
Directions: Examine the illustrations below. Infer the factor that affects the viscosity of
magma as shown. Refer to the given choices inside the parenthesis. Write your answer on
the blank. (high temperature, low gas content, high silica content)
__________________1.
__________________2.
__________________3.
4. What are the factors affecting the viscosity of magma? ________, ________, ________
Objective:
Describe the different types of volcanoes according to the shape of their cone.
Directions: Underline the type of volcano on the first column. Then fill in the statements by
using the word bank below.
broad, warrior’s shield steep, wide almost, uniform
Question:
Which volcano do you think
a. is composed of alternating solidification of lava and pyroclastic deposits?
b. is formed from alternating ejected lava fragments and volcanic ash with wide crater?
c. is formed from non-viscous oozing lava?
4
What Is It
A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust through which lava, ash, and gases escape
onto the surface. It usually has a summit, slope, and base. An opening at the summit is called
a crater or a caldera. A crater is a funnel-shaped opening at the top of a volcano while a
caldera is formed when a part of the wall collapses after an explosive eruption. Volcanoes are
described according to its cone shape and type of eruption.
A volcanic eruption is an event that happens when magma, gases and other molten
materials are discharged from the opening. Since volcanic eruptions are caused by magma
expelled onto the earth’s surface, we must first identify the factors that affect the viscosity of
the magma.
Viscosity is the property of the material’s resistance to flow. The more viscous and
thicker the magma is, the greater is its resistance to flow.
1.Temperature
2.Chemical composition
5
Shield volcanoes are formed by the pile-up of non-
viscous lava that oozes out from the volcano. Since lava
can flow freely, a broad, slightly domed structure is
formed that resembles like a warrior’s shield. Mauna
Loa Volcano in Hawaii is an example of this type.
Volcanoes erupt differently and not all of them are violent. Magma may explode from
the vent, or it can flow out of the volcano. In addition to the top vent, magma and gas may
escape through cracks and weak areas on the sides of the volcano. Aside from lava,
pyroclastic flows, ash clouds and mudflows(lahar) can be extremely dangerous. The levels of
silica and dissolved gases in the magma determine whether a volcano erupts explosively or
not.
6
d. Vulcanian - small to moderate explosive eruptions
characterized by tall columns that reach up to 20 km high with
pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra. They have larger
explosions of rocks and ashes which rise in dark clouds
lasting for seconds to minutes. Paricutin Volcano eruption in
Mexico is an example of this type.
What’s More
Activity 5. Types of Volcanic Eruptions: (30 minutes)
Direction: Fill in the table below. Some example answers are given.
Pictures of Volcanic Eruption Type of Volcanic Brief Description
Eruption
1. 2.
Plinian 3.
7
Phreatic 5.
6. - characterized by tall
eruption columns that reach
up to 20 km high with
pyroclastic flow and ashfall
tephra
Now that you have a deeper understanding of volcanoes, it’s time to verify the statements
below if it is a fact or a bluff. In the RESPONSE COLUMN, encircle the happy face ( )in
the box if the statement is a fact and a sad face ( ) if the statement is a bluff.
STATEMENTS RESPONSE
1. All volcanoes are cone-shaped.
2. Volcanoes are found only on land.
3. A volcano has an opening at the top (or in some case, on the sides) through
which lava, ash, and gases escape onto the surface.
4. Hot thick cloud of gas, molten rocks and ash come out of a volcano’s opening.
5. All volcanoes erupt violently.
6. A volcano is not dangerous if it does not produce lava.
8
Activity 7. Concept Mapping (30 minutes)
Accomplish the concept map by using the word bank to fill in the blank boxes.
molten rock, ash, and gases escape onto the Earth’s surface amount of gases in magma plinian
9
What I Can Do
Your goal in this section is to apply what you have learned about volcanoes and
volcanic eruptions.
Read the situation below and follow the directions for the task you will do in this section.
Hibok-Hibok Volcano (also known as Catarman volcano), located on the island of
Camiguin, is one of the volcanoes in the Philippines. Given that you are the mayor of the
town to where the volcano is situated, how would you promote tourism industry in this
place?
Use the planning process for a successful tourism project, present it by making a
travel flyer/advertisement (use a short bond paper). Shown below is a sample flyer
template. You can create your own design/template. Your flyer/advertisement will be
graded based on the rubric in the following page.
10
Criteria 15 points 10 points 5 points
Content/ Four (4) accurate facts/ Three (3) accurate Two(2) accurate facts/
Accuracy information guide (e.g. facts/ information information guide( e.g.
cone shape, eruption guide(e.g. cone shape, cone shape, eruption
(60%)
type and other eruption type and other type and other
interesting features like interesting features like interesting features like
observatories that detect observatories that observatories that
and forecast volcanic detect and forecast detect and forecast
activity) are displayed on volcanic activity) are volcanic activity) are
the flyer/advertisement. displayed on the displayed on the
flyer/advertisement. flyer/advertisement.
Have fun!
How did you find the performance task? How did making a flyer/advertisement task help
you see the real world on volcanoes?
Summary
A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust through which lava, ash,
and gases escape onto the surface. The viscosity of the magma depends on three
factors, namely:
a. temperature
b. composition
c. amount of gas
Volcanoes are described according to
a. type of eruption- phreatic, phreatomagmatic, strombolian, vulcanian or plinian
b. shape of volcanic cone – as composite, shield or cinder
Volcanic eruption is an event that happens when hot lava, ash and gases are discharged
from a volcanic vent.
11
Assessment: (Post-Test)
II. Multiple Choice: Read the statements carefully. Choose the BEST answer. Write the letter
of your answers on the space provided before each number.
______1. What is a volcano?
A. An opening in the Earth’s crust through which lava, ash, and gases escape
onto the surface.
B. A landform which has a summit but without a crater.
C. A mountain created by the faulting and folding of the Earth’s crust.
D. The movement of the plate boundaries on the Earth’s crust.
______2. What is a volcanic eruption?
A. It is an event that happens when hot lava, ash and gases are discharged from
a volcanic vent.
B. It happens when the plate edges of the Earth’s crust move downward or
sideways.
C. It is a region deep within the Earth’s mantle from which heat rises.
D. It is a sudden violent shaking of the ground, causing great destruction.
______3. The following are factors affecting the viscosity of the magma EXCEPT
A. temperature of magma
B. size of the volcano’s crater
C. chemical composition of magma
D. amount of dissolved gases contained in the magma
______4. Identify factor that affects the viscosity of the magma as shown in the figure.
A. high silica content
B. high temperature of magma
C. low gas content
D. low temperature of magma
______5. Taal Volcano in Batangas is an example of
A. composite volcano B. cinder cone C. shield volcano D. lava spire
______6. Which type of volcanoes have broad bases and steep sides, usually have a
large crater at the top and are formed by alternating layers of magma and ash?
A. calderas B. composite C. shield D. cinder cones
______7. Mt. Mayon is a volcano because .
A. cinder cone, it is formed exclusively of pyroclasts.
B. composite, it is composed of alternating layers of pyroclastic fragments
an d solidified lava flows
C. shield, it is constructed of solidified lava flows
D. caldera, it was created when the summit was blown off by exploding gases
______8. The picture on the right shows what type of volcanic eruption?
A. plinian B. phreatic C. strombolian D. phreatomagmatic
12
13
Key to Answers
What I Know (Pretest)
1. C 6. A
2. B 7. B
3. C 8. C
4. D 9. B
5. A 10. A
What’s In?
Activity 1. Volcano Crossword
Down Across
1. lava 2. base
3. slope 6. volcano
4. cone 7. vent
5. summit 11. pyroclastic
8. tephra 13. caldera
9. magma 14. gases
10. molten
12. chamber
13. crater
What’s New
Activity 2. Introduction to Volcanoes
1. volcano
2. crust
3. volcanic eruption
4. viscosity
5. underwater
6. mountain
Answer to Questions:
1. A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust through which lava, ash, and gases
escape onto the surface.
2. A volcanic eruption is an event that happens when molten material oozes out of
the opening.
3. Materials include lava, ash, gases, silica etc.
Activity 3. They Affect Me A Lot!!!!
1. high silica content
2. high temperature
3. low gas content
4. temperature, gas content, silica content
Activity 4. Oh! What Volcano Am I?
1. cinder steep, wide
2. composite almost, uniform
3. shield broad, warriors shield
Answers to Question:
a. composite
b. cinder cone
c. shield
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References
Department of Education, Bureau of Secondary Education. Project EASE Integrated Science
1, Module 12: Inside the Earth.
McDougal Littell (2005). Science: Integrated Course 3. Houghton Mifflin Company. Philippine
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) – Department of Science and
Technology (DOST) (2008). School Teachers’ Seminar-Training on Natural Hazards
Awareness and Preparedness: Focus on Earthquakes and Volcanoes (Training Module).
https://ocean.si.edu/holding-tank/vents-volcanoes/mystery-underwater-volcano accessed
June 12, 2020
https://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Learning/Science-Topics/Volcanoes/Types-of-Volcanoes-
Eruptions accessed June 29, 2020 7:00 pm
https://beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/issue/earths-changing-surface/common-
misconceptions-about-weathering-erosion-volcanoes-and-
earthquakes#:~:text=Volcanoes%20are%20randomly%20located%20across%20the%20eart
h's%20surface.&text=Volcanoes%20only%20erupt%20straight%20up,lava%2C%20it%20is
%20not%20dangerous. accessed July 6, 2020 6:00 pm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cinder_cones?fbclid=IwAR2KUvXxL7LdHQR7QtNtlg7sv
NkNnKAVIHoACIkxcg1XLsPx-xPSYtbIOyk#Philippines accessed July 16, 2020 2:00 am
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