Professional Adjustment, Leadership and Management, Nursing Research

POST TEST
By: Phoebe Jaenn A. Tan BSN, RN, USRN
APRIL 22-23,2019

Name: Date:

1. If parents or legal guardians aren't available to give consent for treatment of a life-threatening situation
in a minor child, which of the following statements is most accurate?
A. consent may be obtained from a neighbor or close friend of the family.
B. Consent may not be needed in a life-threatening situation.
C. Consent must be in the form of a signed document; therefore, parents or guardians must be contacted.
D. Consent may be given by the family physician.

2. Which of the following points should a team leader consider when delegating work to team members in
order to conserve time?
A. Assign unfinished work to other team members.
B. Explain to each team member what needs to be done.
C. Relinquish responsibility for the outcome of the work.
D. Assign each team member the responsibility to obtain dietary trays.

3. The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident.
Under the law, the nurse must obtain informed consent before treatment unless:
A. the client is mentally ill.
B. The client refuses to give informed consent.
C. The client is in an emergency situation.
D. the client asks the nurse to give substituted consent.

4. An adult client is diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The nurse who is caring for the
client is also his friend. The nurse tells the client's parents about the diagnosis; after all, they know their son
is the nurse's friend. Several weeks later, the nurse receives a letter from the client's attorney stating that
the nurse has committed an intentional tort. Which intentional tort has this nurse committed?
A. Fraud
B. Defamation of character
C. Assault and battery
D. Breach of confidentiality

5. When prioritizing a client's care plan based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the nurse's first priority
would be:
A. allowing the family to see a newly admitted client.
B. ambulating the client in the hallway.
C. administering pain medication.
D. placing wrist restraints on the client.

6. To be effective, a clinical nurse-manager in a managed care environment must:

A. expect all staff to accept change.
B. go along with a proposed change.
C. be a catalyst for change.
D. document staff nurses' reactions to change.
7. A client with end-stage liver cancer tells the nurse he doesn't want extraordinary measures used to
prolong his life. He asks what he must do to make these wishes known and legally binding. How should the
nurse respond to the client?
A. Tell him that it's a legal question beyond the scope of nursing practice.
B. Give him a copy of the client's bill of rights.
C. Provide information on active euthanasia.
D. Discuss documenting his wishes in an advance directive.

8. A 92-year-old client with prostate cancer and multiple metastases is in respiratory distress and is
admitted to a medical unit from a skilled nursing facility. His advance directive states that he doesn't want
to be placed on a ventilator or receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Based on the client's advance
directive, which intervention should the nursing care plan include?
A. Check on the client once per shift.
B.Provide mouth and skin care only if the family requests it.
C.Turn the client only if he's uncomfortable.
D.Provide emotional support and pain relief.

9. A client in the final stages of terminal cancer tells his nurse, "I wish I could just be allowed to die. I'm tired
of fighting this illness. I've lived a good life. I continue my chemotherapy and radiation treatments only
because my family wants me to." What's the nurse's best response?
A." Would you like to talk to a psychologist about your thoughts and feelings?"
B. "Would you like to talk to your minister about the significance of death?"
C. "Would you like to meet with your family and your physician about this matter?"
D."I know you are tired of fighting this illness, but death will come in due time."
.
SITUATION: You considered Mrs. Soria, chief nurse of the hospital, a traditional and bureaucratic leader.

10. The following statement about bureaucratic approach are true, except:
a) rules and regulations are emphasized
b) the Chief nurse is comptroller
c) decision giving is participative
d) specialization of tasks is normal

11. What is the most basic principle in the human relations approach to management:
a) when things go well for the worker, the organization profits
b) when the patient needs are met, nursing mission are accomplished
c) strength, speed and skill are accentuated
d) decision making is mediator

12. As a staff nurse under traditional chief nurse, notwithstanding, you are most expected to:
a) maintain professional attitudes
b) observe hospital rules and regulations
c) adhere strictly to your job description
d) maintain competence

Situation 2 - The use of massage and meditation to help decrease stress and pain have been strongly
recommended based on documented testimonials.

13. Martha wants to do a study on, this topic. "Effects of massage and meditation on stress and pain." The
type of research that best suits this topic is:
a. applied research b. qualitative research c. basic research d. quantitative research

14. The type of research design that does not manipulate independent variable is:
a. experimental design b. quasi-experimental design c. non-experimental design d. quantitative
design

15. This research topic has the potential to contribute to nursing because it seeks to:
a. include new modalities of care b. resolve a clinical problem
c. clarify an ambiguous modality of care d. enhance client care

16. Martha does review of related literature for the purpose of:
a. determine statistical treatment of data research b. gathering data about what is already known or
unknown c. to identify if problem can be replicated d. answering the research question

17. Client’s rights should be protected when doing research using human subjects. Martha identifies these
rights as follows EXCEPT:
a. right of self-determination b. right to compensation c. right of privacy d. right not to be harmed

18. It is a managerial function that indicates leading the staff in the most effective method.
A. Planning B. Directing C. Organizing D. Controlling

19. In the hospital, your department is using the functional method of patient care modality. What is it all
about?
A. One nurse is responsible for giving bedside care, another one for administering medications and
another one for treatments and so on.
B. It is a one on one constant patient care for period of time.
C. The nurse has the responsibility for giving nursing care to the client from admission until
discharge
D. A team leader has the responsibility for coordinating the total care of a group of patients.

20. Situation: You are not new in your department and you had been there for almost three years. Miss A,
your previous nurse manager was considered strict and authoritative in implementing the protocols in your
area. She would make your schedule fixed unless you will inform her two weeks before for any change of
shift. On the contrary, your new nurse manager, Miss B, schedules a monthly staff meeting for any
significant matters in your department. She is not so lax but makes it up to collect suggestions from all of
you before making decisions. 1. If you are to choose which one of your nurse managers described above
reflects a democratic type of leadership, who is she?
A. Miss A B. Miss B c. Both of them D. None of the above

21. What leadership style did Miss A utilized to maintain a strong control in the department?
A. Laissez- faire B. Democratic C. Collegial D. Autocratic

22. There are nursing students who are conducting their study on leadership styles in your unit. One of the
questions included is: What do you think is the most effective leadership style that can be used during
emergency situations?
A. Democratic B. Laissez- faire C. Autocratic D. Supportive

24. What are the qualities that define a leader who uses laissez- faire?
A. She involves the group in planning and in decision making
B. She oversees everything to come up with good quantity and quality of output but provides little
autonomy and self- motivation to her members.
C. She tends to be passive and puts the responsibility of decision making to others.
D. She would foster independence in your team by promoting motivation and creativity.

25. You are the head nurse in the pediatric department. Your roles in the planning process in the hospital
include the following, except one:
A. Act as link between higher- level managers and non managers
 B. Directly responsible for the actual production of nursing services
C. Represent the organization
D. Answers C & B

26. In planning, conceptualizing the purpose and the aspirations of the organization is essential. What
statement gives a false description of a vision?
A. It reflects what the organization wants to be
B. It is written to magnify the various activities and it is projected with a broad time frame
C. It reflects why the organization exist
D. It uses action words in present tense

27. Which describes an informal leader?

A. Anna who is appointed because of her competencies and continuing education
B. Maria who becomes the leader of the team because of her years of experience in the department
C. Eduard who is considered the leader of the team since he was given the legitimate authority to act as
one.
D. Alexandra who is chosen by the administration because of her age and knowledge in the area of work.

28. Why is good communication important in managing personnel?

A. It motivates personnel to do their jobs well C. It promotes independence and collaboration
B. It fosters influence and power D. All of the above

29. Downward communication is described below. Which one is correct?

A. The communication is between two supervisors
B. The flow of communication is from the head nurse to supervisor
C. The flow of communication is from the chief nurse to the head nurse
D. The flow of communication is from the staff nurse to the chief nurse

30. Which type of conflict management technique is described as cooperating and that one side gives in to
the other?
A. Avoiding B. Accommodating C. Competing D. Compromising

31. What are the tasks that should not be delegated to a non professional staff?
A. Doing the vital signs B.Turning the client every two hours
C.Grooming and bathing the client D.Assessment of neurological deficits

32. Supervision and delegation fall to what phase of the management process?
A. Organizing B. Directing C. Controlling D. Planning

33. What type of conflict refers to when there are two or more opposing incompatible demands that arise
and priority differences affects the resolution of the conflict.
A. Interpersonal conflict B. Organizational conflict C. Intrapersonal conflict D. Answers A & B

34. What is not a characteristic of an organizational chart?

A. It shows the division of work C. It shows the workload of each personnel
B. It reflects the type of work of each staff d. It delineates the groupings according to type of work

35. When a client is confused, left alone with the side rails down, and the bed in a high position, the client
falls and breaks a hip. What law has been broken?
A. Assault B. Battery C. Negligence D. Civil tort

36. A document that lists the medical treatment a person chooses to refuse if unable to make decisions is
the:
A. Durable power of attorney B. Informed consent C .Living will D. Advance
directives

37 A student nurse who is employed as a nursing assistant may perform any functions that:
A. Have been learned about in school
B. Are expected of a nurse at that level
C. Are identified in the positions job description
D. Require technical rather than professional skill.

38. A confused client who fell out of bed because side rails were not used is an example of which type of
liability?
A. Felony B. Assault C. Battery D. Negligence

39. The nurse puts a restraint jacket on a client without the client’s permission and without the physicians
order. The nurse may be guilty of:
A. Assault B. Battery C. Invasion of privacy D. Neglect

40 Nurses agree to be advocates for their patients. Practice of advocacy calls for the nurse to:
A. Seek out the nursing supervisor in conflicting situations
B. Work to understand the law as it applies to the client’s clinical condition.
C. Assess the client’s point of view and prepare to articulate this point of view.
D. Document all clinical changes in the medical record in a timely manner.

41. In most ethical dilemmas, the solution to the dilemma requires negotiation among members of the
health care team. The nurse’s point of view is valuable because:
A. Nurses have a legal license that encourages their presence during ethical discussions.
B. The principle of autonomy guides all participants to respect their own self-worth.
C. Nurses develop a relationship to the client that is unique among all professional health care providers.
D. The nurse’s code of ethics recommends that a nurse be present at any ethical discussion about client
care.

42. Ethical dilemmas often arise over a conflict of opinion. Once the nurse has determined that the dilemma
is ethical, a critical first step in negotiating the difference of opinion would be to:
A. Consult a professional ethicist to ensure that the steps of the process occur in full.
B. Gather all relevant information regarding the clinical, social, and spiritual aspects of the dilemma.
C. List the ethical principles that inform the dilemma so that negotiations agree on the language of the
discussion.
D. Ensure that the attending physician has written an order for an ethics consultation to support the ethics
process.
43. The nurse practice acts are an example of:
A. Statutory law C. Civil law
B. Common law D. Criminal law

42 . The client’s right to refuse treatment is an example of:

A. Statutory law C. Civil laws
B. Common law D. Nurse practice acts

43. Even though the nurse may obtain the clients signature on a form, obtaining informed consent is the
responsibility of the:
A. Client C. Student nurse
B. Physician D. Supervising nurse.

44 . The nurse is obligated to follow a physician’s order unless:

A. The order is a verbal order
B. The physicians order is illegible
C. The order has not been transcribed
D. The order is an error, violates hospital policy, or would be detrimental to the client.
45. The philosophy sometimes called the code of ethics of care suggests that ethical dilemmas can best be
solved by attention to:
A. Relationships C. Clients
B. Ethical principles D. Code of ethics for nurses.

46. You are asked by your instructor to differentiate a leader and a manager. Which one is incorrect?
A. A leader is focused on purposes but a manager is focused with structures and processes.
B. A leader does the right thing and a manager does each task the right way.
C. A leader has a short term view while a manager views work in long term duration
D. A leader rely on trust while a manager rely on control

47. When signing a form as a witness, your signature shows that the client:
A. Is fully informed and is aware of all consequences.
B. Was awake and fully alert and not medicated with narcotics.
C. Was free to sign without pressure
D. Has signed that form and the witness saw it being done

48. Which criterion is needed for someone to give consent to a procedure?

A. An appointed guardianship B. Unemancipated minor
C. Minimum of 21 years or older D. An advocate for a child

49. Which statement is correct?

A. Consent for medical treatment can be given by a minor with a sexually transmitted disease (STD).
B. A second trimester abortion can be given without state involvement.
C. Student nurses cannot be sued for malpractice while in a nursing clinical class.
D. Nurses who get sick and leave during a shift are not abandoning clients if they call their supervisor
and leave a message about their emergency illness.

50. Most litigation in the hospital comes from the:

A. Nurse abandoning the clients when going to lunch
B. Nurse following an order that is incomplete or incorrect
C. Nurse documenting blame on the physician when a mistake is made
D. Supervisor watching a new employee check his or her skills level

51. A health care issue often becomes an ethical dilemma because:

A. A clients legal rights coexist with a health professionals obligation.
B. Decisions must be made quickly, often under stressful conditions.
C. Decisions must be made based on value systems.
D. The choices involved do not appear to be clearly right or wrong.

52. The nurse In-charge in labor and delivery unit administered a dose of terbutaline to a client without
checking the client’s pulse. The standard that would be used to determine if the nurse was negligent is:
A. The physician’s orders.
B. The action of a clinical nurse specialist who is recognized expert in the field.
C. The statement in the drug literature about administration of terbutaline.
D. The actions of a reasonably prudent nurse with similar education and experience.

53. Nurse Amy is aware that the following is true about functional nursing
A. Provides continuous, coordinated and comprehensive nursing services.
B. One-to-one nurse patient ratio.
C. Emphasize the use of group collaboration.
D. Concentrates on tasks and activities.
54. .Nurse Amy has documented an entry regarding client care in the client’s medical record. When
checking the entry, the nurse realizes that incorrect information was documented. How does the nurse
correct this error?
A. Erases the error and writes in the correct information.
B. Uses correction fluid to cover up the incorrect information and writes in the correct information.
C. Draws one line to cross out the incorrect information and then initials the change.
D. Covers up the incorrect information completely using a black pen and writes in the correct
information

55.Nurse John develops methods for data gathering. Which of the following criteria of a good instrument
refers to the ability of the instrument to yield the same results upon its repeated administration?
A. Validity B. Specificity
C. Sensitivity D. Reliability

56.Harry knows that he has to protect the rights of human research subjects. Which of the following actions
of Harry ensures anonymity?
A. Keep the identities of the subject secret
B. Obtain informed consent
C. Provide equal treatment to all the subjects of the study.
D. Release findings only to the participants of the study
57.Patient’s refusal to divulge information is a limitation because it is beyond the control of Tifanny”. What
type of research is appropriate for this study?
A. Descriptive- correlational B. Experiment
C. Quasi-experiment D. Historical

58.Nurse Ronald is aware that the best tool for data gathering is?
A. Interview schedule B. Questionnaire
C. Use of laboratory data D. Observation

59.Monica is aware that there are times when only manipulation of study variables is possible and the
elements of control or randomization are not attendant. Which type of research is referred to this?
A. Field study B. Quasi-experiment
C. Solomon-Four group design D. Post-test only design

60.Cherry notes down ideas that were derived from the description of an investigation written by the
person who conducted it. Which type of reference source refers to this?
A. Footnote B. Bibliography
C. Primary source D. Endnotes

61.When Nurse Trish is providing care to his patient, she must remember that her duty is bound not to do
doing any action that will cause the patient harm. This is the meaning of the bioethical principle:
A. Non-maleficence B. Beneficence
C. Justice D. Solidarity

62.When a nurse in-charge causes an injury to a female patient and the injury caused becomes the proof of
the negligent act, the presence of the injury is said to exemplify the principle of:
A. Force majeure B. Respondeat superio
C. Res ipsa loquitor D. Holdover doctrine

63.Ronald plans to conduct a research on the use of a new method of pain assessment scale. Which of the
following is the second step in the conceptualizing phase of the research process?
 A. Formulating the research hypothesis
B. Review related literature
C. Formulating and delimiting the research problem
D. Design the theoretical and conceptual framework
64.. The leader of the study knows that certain patients who are in a specialized research setting tend to
respond psychologically to the conditions of the study. This referred to as :
A. Cause and effect C. Halo effect
B. Hawthorne effect D. Horns effect

65..Mary finally decides to use judgment sampling on her research. Which of the following actions of is
correct?
A. Plans to include whoever is there during his study.
B. Determines the different nationality of patients frequently admitted and decides to get
representations samples from each.
C. Assigns numbers for each of the patients, place these in a fishbowl and draw 10 from it.
D. Decides to get 20 samples from the admitted patients

66..Marion is aware that the sampling method that gives equal chance to all units in the population to get
picked is:
A. Random C. Quota
B. Accidental D. Judgment

67..John plans to use a Likert Scale to his study to determine the:

A. Degree of agreement and disagreement C. Level of satisfaction
B. Compliance to expected standards D. Degree of acceptance

68..Ms. Garcia is responsible to the number of personnel reporting to her. This principle refers to:
A. Span of control C. Downward communication
B. Unity of command D. Leader
69..Ensuring that there is an informed consent on the part of the patient before a surgery is done, illustrates
the bioethical principle of:
A. Beneficence C. Veracity
B. Autonomy D. Non-maleficence

70. The purpose of having nurses’ code of ethics is:

a. Delineate the scope and areas of nursing practice
b. Identify nursing action recommended for specific healthcare situations
c. To help the public understand professional conduct, expected of nurses
d. To define the roles and functions of the health caregiver, nurses, clients

71 The most important nursing responsibility where ethical situations emerge in patient care is to:
a. Act only when advised that the action is ethically sound
b. Not take sides remain neutral and fair
c. Assume that ethical questions are the responsibility: of the health team
d. Be accountable for his or her own actions

72 You inform the patient about his rights which include the following EXCEPT:
a. Right to expect reasonable continuity of care
b. Right to consent to or decline to participate in research studies or experiments
c. Right to obtain information about another patient
d. Right to expect that the records about his care will be treated as confidential
73. The principle states that a person has unconditional worth and has the capacity to determine his own
destiny.
a. Bioethics b. Justice
c. Fidelity d. Autonomy
74. One leadership theory states that “leaders are born and not made,” which refers to which of the
following theories?
A. Trait B. Charismatic
C. Great Man D. Situational

75. Functional nursing has some advantages, which one is an EXCEPTION?

A. Psychological and sociological needs are emphasized. C. Most economical way of delivering nursing
services.
B. Great control of work activities. D. Workers feel secure in dependent role

76. Stephanie is often seen interacting with the medical

intern during coffee breaks and after duty hours. What
type of organizational structure is this?
A. Formal C. Staff
B. Informal D. Line

77. Which phase of the employment process includes getting on the payroll and completing documentary
requirements?
A. Orientation C. Selection
B. Induction D. Recruitment

78.. She tries to design an organizational structure that allows communication to flow in all directions and
involve workers in decision making. Which form of organizational structure is this?
A. Centralized C. Matrix
B. Decentralized D. Informal

79. She plans of assigning competent people to fill the roles designed in the hierarchy. Which process refers
to this?
A. Staffing C. Recruitment
B. Scheduling D. Induction

80. Which pattern of nursing care involves the care given by a group of paraprofessional workers led by a
professional nurse who take care of patients with the same disease conditions and are located
geographically near each other?
A. Case method C. Nursing case management
B. Modular nursing D. Team nursing

81. Which of the following is evidence that the controlling process is effective?
A. The things that were planned are done C. Employees are contended
B. Physicians do not complain. D. There is an increase in customer satisfaction rate.

82 Omega group studied interpersonal conflict among workers in a company in Manila. A questionnaire is
distributed was mailed to over 1000 hired workers in a company, asking them about the type and frequency
of any interpersonal conflict they had experienced in their job. The questionnaires were returned without
any identifying information. This is an example of?
a. Confidentiality b. Anonymity c. Autonomy d. Justice

83. The rights of special vulnerable groups, however, may need to be protected through additional
procedures and heightened sensitivity. All of the following are vulnerable subjects. Which one is not
considered?
a. Children c. Prisoners
b. Mentally or emotionally disabled people d. Postpartum woman

84. During their defence, the panel of critiques found out that the research group had made up some of the
data in their study, and edited some of the results that’s why they had difficulty defending their study.
Which of the following is the described the violation done by the group?
a. Plagiarism b. Falsification c. Fabrication d. Research misconduct
85. Beta research group formulated the research problem: What is the relative effectiveness of patient-
controlled antiemetic therapy versus nurse-controlled antiemetic therapy with regard to (a) medication
consumption and (b) control of nausea and vomiting in patients on chemotherapy? Identify the
independent variable.
a. Medication consumption c. Antiemetic therapy
b. Control of nausea and vomiting d. Chemotherapy

86. All of the following are appropriate hypothesis for the study except one:
a. Subjects receiving antiemetic therapy by a patient- controlled pump will report less nausea than subjects
receiving the therapy by nurse administration.
b. Subjects receiving antiemetic therapy by a patient-controlled pump will vomit less than the subjects
receiving the therapy by nurse administration.
c. Subjects receiving antiemetic therapy by a patient-controlled pump will consume less medication than
subjects receiving the therapy by nurse administration.
d. Subjects receiving antiemetic therapy by a patient-controlled pump will vomit less.

IDENTIFICATION (87-91)

Circumstances Instances

Self defense, fulfillment of duty, obedience to an order from a superior

Relationship, intoxication, education
Treachery (taking advantage of a superior position) prize, reward/ promise, use of fire,
poison or explosion evident premeditation, cruelty/calamity
Sufficient provocation or threat, immediate vindication of a grave offense, voluntary
surrender, deaf and dumb, suffer from a disease that diminishes will power
Insane, imbecile, performance of duty causes injury by accident, under 9 years old, under
compulsion of uncontrollable force, under 18 years old, over 70 years old, no intent to
commit grave wrong, fear

IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF RESEARCH:

92. What is the occurrence of lymphoma among Hispanics living in downtown Chicago? ___________
93. What are the risk factors for decubitus ulcers among paraplegics under age 21? ______________
94. What is the effectiveness of a breast cancer screening program for women residing in rural areas?
___________________
95. What is the effect of a pre-admission teaching program on patients’ postoperative activity level and
length of hospital stay? _________________________
96. Women giving nursing care during the Civil War _____________

COMPUTATION (97-100)
Staffing for an OB Ward: 30-bed capacity
Percentage of Professionals to Non-Professionals
Nursing service personnel for 24 hours
Distribution per shift