CONSUMER HEALTH

Consumer health aims to develop a person’s ability to evaluate and utilize health information, products,
and services wisely and effectively.

Consumer health has three components: health information, health products, and health services.

Health Information

is any concept, step, or advice that various sources give to aid the health status of an individual. The
information is critical as it may alter the health conditions of a person. Another important characteristic
of health information is that it is continuously and rapidly changing.

Health Products

are food, drugs, cosmetics, devices, biologicals, vaccines, in-vitro diagnostic reagents, and
household/urban hazardous substances and/or a combination of and/or a derivative thereof (FDA
Act,2009).

Health Services

This programs aim to appraise the health conditions of individuals through screening and
examinations, cure and treat disorders, prevent and control the spread of diseases, provide safety,
emergency care, and first aid, and ensure a follow-up program for individuals who have done
treatments.

Health services are usually offered by healthcare providers.

A healthcare provider is a trained professional who provides people with healthcare.

Health Professionals

Individuals who are licensed to practice medicine and other allied health programs.

An example of a health professional is a physician.

A physician records the medical history of individuals, provides diagnosis, performs medical
examinations, and prescribes medications.

There are different types of physicians based on their area of specialization.

Healthcare Practitioner

An independent healthcare provider who is licensed to practice on a specific area of the body.

Examples: Dentist, Optometrists

Allied Health Professionals

Trained healthcare provider who practices under the supervision of a physician or healthcare
practitioner.

Examples: Nurses, Pharmacists, physical therapists.

Health Facilities
 Healthcare facilities are places or institutions that offer healthcare services.

There are different types of healthcare facilities:

◦ Hospital

� An institution where people undergo medical diagnosis, care and treatment.

� A hospital offers different types of medical care like inpatient and outpatient care.

� Kinds of Hospitals: private, voluntary, government and teaching

� Classifications of Hospitals: General and Specialty

◦ Walk in Surgery Center

� It is a facility that offers surgery without the patient being admitted in the hospital

◦ Health Center

� The services in a health center cater to a specific population with various health needs.

◦ Extended Healthcare Facility

� A facility that provides treatment, nursing care, and residential services to patients, often
the elderly.

Health Insurance

A financial agreement between an insurance company and an individual or group for the payment of
healthcare costs.

This also may pertain to a “protection that provides benefits for sickness and injury”.

Health insurance may be sourced from both public and private companies.

Example: PhilHealth

Republic Act No. 8423 (Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997)

Provisioned the creation of the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Healthcare (PITAHC)

PITAHC-approved alternative modalities

Naturopathy

◦ Views diseases as manifestation of an alteration in the processes by which the body naturally
heals itself.

◦ Offers a wide range of natural practices including herbal medicine, acupuncture, acupressure,
nutritional therapy, and ventosa cupping massage therapy.

Herbal Medicine

There are 10 herbs that are proven and tested to have medicinal value and approved by the Department
of Health.
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE

Acupuncture

◦ A form energy medicine where long thin needles are inserted to specific parts of the body to
affect the energy flow. Acupuncture is believed to treat musculoskeletal dysfunctions.

Ventosa cupping massage therapy

◦ This procedure is done by placing inverted glasses that have flames from burning cotton, on
specific points in the body. It is believed to relieve muscle and joint pains

Reflexology

◦ Similar to acupuncture, reflexology focuses on treating specific disorders through massaging of

the soles of the feet.

Acupressure

◦ Uses the same technique as the acupuncture. The only difference is that acupressure does not
use needles but hands to apply pressure on certain points of the body.

Nutrition Therapy

◦ Nutrition therapy approaches treatment of a medical condition by providing a tailored diet for
the patient.
Quackery

Reflexology

◦ Similar to acupuncture, reflexology focuses on treating specific disorders through massaging of

the soles of the feet.

Acupressure

◦ Uses the same technique as the acupuncture. The only difference is that acupressure does not
use needles but hands to apply pressure on certain points of the body.

Nutrition Therapy

◦ Nutrition therapy approaches treatment of a medical condition by providing a tailored diet for
the patient.

MUSIC of the 20th CENTURY

The start of the 20th century saw the rise of distinct musical styles that reflected a move away from the
conventions of earlier classical music. These new styles were:

impressionism, expressionism, neo-classicism, avant garde music, and modern nationalism.

IMPRESSIONISM

One of the earlier but concrete forms declaring the entry of 20th century music was known as impressionism. It
is a French movement in the late 19th and early 20th century. The sentimental melodies and dramatic
emotionalism of the preceding Romantic Period were being replaced in favor of moods and impressions. The
impressionistic movement in music had its foremost proponents in the French composers Claude Debussy
and Maurice Ravel.

CLAUDE DEBUSSY

He was the primary exponent of the impressionist movement and the focal point for other
impressionist composers.; L’ Enfant Prodigue (The Prodigal Son)

MAURICE RAVEL

During his stint with the school were he stayed until his early 20’s, he had composed a number of
masterpieces.

Ravel’s works include the following:

Pavane for a Dead Princess (1899), a slow but lyrical requiem

Jeux d’Eau or Water Fountains (1901)

String Quartet (1903)

Sonatine for Piano (c.1904)

Miroirs (Mirrors), 1905, a work for piano known for its harmonic evolution and imagination,
 Gaspard de la Nuit (1908), a set of demonic-inspired pieces based on the poems of Aloysius Bertrand
which is arguably the most difficult piece in the piano repertoire.

ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (1874–1951)

Schoenberg is credited with the establishment of the twelve-tone system

IGOR STRAVINSKY (1882–1971)

The Firebird Suite

PRIMITIVISM

Primitivistic music is tonal through the asserting of one note as more important than the others. New sounds
are synthesized from old ones by juxtaposing two simple events to create a more complex new event.

BELA BARTOK (1881–1945)

Six String Quartets

NEO-CLASSICISM

Neo-classicism was a moderating factor between the emotional excesses of the Romantic period and the
violent impulses of the soul in expressionism.

It was, in essence, a partial return to an earlier style of writing, particularly the tightly-knit form of the
Classical period, while combining tonal harmonies with slight dissonances.

SERGEI PROKOFIEFF (1891–1953)

the ballet Romeo and Juliet and the opera War and Peace; avant garde

FRANCIS POULENC (1899–1963)

A member of the group of young French composers known as “Les Six.”

Avant Garde Music

Closely associated with electronic music, the avant garde movement dealt with the parameters or the
dimensions of sound in space.

The avant garde style exhibited a new attitude toward musical mobility, whereby the order of note
groups could be varied so that musical continuity could be altered.

The Modern Style in Art

Expressionism

|→ It is an intensely personal art form.

|→ The expressionist artist strives to convey his personal feelings about the object painted, rather than merely
record his observation of it.

|→ Compositions tend to be simpler and more direct, and are often characterized by thick impasto paint, loose,
feely applied brushstrokes, and occasional symbolism.
Edward Munch – THE SCREAM

Impressionism

|→ It is a 19th-century art movement that originated with a group of Paris-based artists whose

independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s.

|→ Impressionist painting characteristics include relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes,
open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities ordinary subject matter,
inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles.

Vincent Van Gogh – THE STARRY NIGHT

Cubism

|→ It is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture,

and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture.

|→ Cubism has been considered the most influential art movement of the 20th century. The term is broadly
used in association with a wide variety of art produced in Paris during the 1910s and extending through the
1920s.

Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) - HORTA DE EBRO (BRICK FACTORY AT TORTOSA)

Dadaism

|→ It was an art movement of the European avant-garde in the early 20th century.

|→ This is the European artistic and literary movement (1916-1923) that flouted conventional aesthetic and
cultural values by producing work marked by nonsense, travesty, and incongruity againts traditional art.

|→ Dadaists believed an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society.

DADA GALAXY

Surrealism

|→ It is any art form stemming from the unconcious mind.

|→ It often features strange, hallucinatory visuals or absurd justapositions of objects of words.

|→ Surrealist artworok can be an object of an idea, and it represents the artist’s idea of what that is, based on
his own subconcious .

|→ A surrealist painting can look like a dream, or an object can be appropriated to look like something
completely different.

Andre Breton (1896-1966) - THE PERSISTENCE OF MEMORY

Salvador Daliwas

Abstract Realism
|→ It is the abstract beauty of paint without the dilution of a recognizable image and it shows the strong visual
symbolism of human’s deciphering reality.

DRIP PAINTING

Paul Jackson Pollock

THE OTHER MODERN STYLE OF ART

Pop Art

|→ It is a brash, fun and young art movement of the 1960’s that includes different styles of painting and
sculpture but all had common interest in mass-media, mass-production and mass-culture.

|→ It was essentially an American movement but started in Britain.

Pop Art Sculpture

|→ It was strongly influenced by the ideas of the Dada movement and reaction against Abstract
Expressionism.

Claes Oldenburg (1922-), Coosjeq Van Bruggen (1942-2009) "SPOONBRIDGE AND CHERRY'

OP Art

|→An Optical Art is mathematically themed form of Abstract art, which uses repetition of simple forms and
colors to create vibrating effects, more patterns, foreground-background confusion, an exaggerated sense of
depth, and other visual effects.

|→ All painting is based on tricks of visual perception manipulating rules of perspective to give the illusion of
three-dimensional space, mixing colors to create the impression of light and shadow, and so on.

|→ The rules on Optical art that the viewer's eye uses to try to make sense of a visual image are themselves the
"subject" of the artwork.

Victor Vasarely (1906-1997) - one of the fathers of op-art.

Performance Art

|→It is a type of art that is created in front of or presented to an audience by the artist and non-traditional art
form often with political or topical themes they typically feature a live presentation to an audience or onlookers
and draw on such arts as acting, poetry, music dance and painting.

Yves Klein – Anthropomeries

Happenings and Mob

Allan Kaprow - History of Happenings

Flash Mob

Bill Wasik – creator of flash mobs

THE PRINCIPLES OF ART

A. Rhythm

|→ It is type of movement seen in the repetition of shapes and colors of picture or art work.

|→ Alternating lights and darks also give a sense of rhythm.

Movement

|→ It is a principle of art related to rhythm.

B. Balance

|--> It refers to the visual weight in a picture and how it is divided.

|→ It is a compositin works when the elements are equalized.

C. Variety/Emphasis

|→ Variety in art refers to the use of contrasting or different types of elements in a work art.

|→ An artist knows adding contrast to a work of art adds interest.

Emphasis

|→ Sometimes an artist wants the viewer to look particularly close at a specific area of the work.

|→ The artist will manipulate the Elements of Art so that your eye is drawn to a particular area.

D. Proportion

|→ It means one part in relation to another.

|→ All people have a sense of proportion concerning themselves as compared to others.

|→ It is the comparative relationship of one part to another with respect to size and scale.

|→ It may also help create the illusion of 3d space.

E. Harmony

|→ Harmony in art results from a combination of related (but often different) Elemts of Art creating a pleasing
work for the eye

F. Unity

|→ Unity infers that the work of art is presented as a “whole”.